www.henrys-law.org
Table of contents
Calculations in atmospheric chemistry depend strongly on the
availability of kinetic and thermodynamic data. For gas-phase chemistry,
evaluations such as
the IUPAC
or JPL data sets greatly
facilitate obtaining reliable values. However, there has been no such
comprehensive compilation for Henry's law constants (solubilities) for
tropospheric modeling of clouds and aerosol particles. Waste water
treatment is another research area where Henry's law constants are
needed since solubility affects volatilization of toxic compounds into
the air. I have gathered data from different sources. The Henry's law
constants kH, which can (unfortunately) be defined in several
ways and expressed using different units, have been converted into a
uniform format (unit: mol dm-3 atm-1). The current
version contains about 2200 data entries for more than 900 species
collected from over 250 references. The printed document contains 107
pages.
The list is available here as a pdf file. It can be printed or used to
search the document electronically: henry.pdf
Before using the data, please read also the
Errata section!
You can download the list of Henry's law constants for non-commercial
use under the Creative
Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike Licence
What kind of data is included in the list?
The list contains Henry's law constants for several organic and inorganic
species in water. The Henry's law constant is defined here as the ratio of the
aqueous-phase concentration of a chemical to its equilibrium partial pressure
in the gas phase.
What kind of data is NOT included in the list?
Henry's law refers to small concentrations (lim c-->0). Maximum solubilities
are not included. Solubility products, i.e. products of ion concentrations are
not included either.
Henry's law constants for solvents other than water are not included.
Values obtained under high pressures (p >> 1000 hPa) and
temperatures (T > 373 K) are not included.
Why are CO and CO2 apparently not included?
You cannot find them in the inorganic section. CO and CO2 are
included in the miscellaneous organics subsection (all species
containing carbon atoms are in the organic section).
Will this list be published in a refereed journal?
For now I have decided to have the list only on the web. I consider this
as a "public reviewing process". Since I put the list on the
web, I have been told about several additional references and some minor
errors have been pointed out to me. Eventually, however, I will submit
it to a refereed journal
(probably
Atmos. Chem. Phys.).
When is the next version of this list available?
At my current rate of productivity, you can expect a new version roughly
every two years. Currently version 3 of the list is available. Work
continues. I still have several articles that I want to include in the
list. If you would like to be informed when version 4 is available,
please send an email
to rolf.sander@mpic.de.
How should I cite this work?
If you would like to cite this work, please cite it as:
R. Sander (1999)
Compilation of Henry's Law Constants for Inorganic and
Organic Species of Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry (Version
3)
http://www.henrys-law.org
How do I convert between different units?
NEW: This is explained here.
Can you help me? I've got a question!
You're welcome to send me an email but please don't be too disappointed in case
I don't have the time to answer it. Collecting Henry's law constants is not my
main job. It's just something I did because I needed (and still need) them for
my research. I have received much more email than I expected and I won't be
able to answer all questions individually. Before sending me an email, please
consider the following points:
Converting between different definitions and units for Henry's law constants
can be quite tricky. I'm afraid I won't have the time to answer individual
questions on how to convert from unit xxx to unit yyy.
Henry's law constants are used in several research areas, e.g. pesticide
control, waste water management, and atmospheric chemistry. Since I'm an
atmospheric chemist myself, I don't think I will be able to help you with
problems in the other research areas.
Well, I knew it would happen... A big list like this just couldn't be perfect.
I have now added a list of errors that I have made in my compilation.
Errata for version 3 (17 Feb 99)
- In note 20, the solubility for strong acids should be defind
as:
kH = ([H+] *
[A-]) / p(HA)
and NOT
kH = ([H+] +
[A-]) / p(HA)
Thanks to J. C. Wheeler for pointing this out to me.
- There's a nasty little error in the sign
of the temperature dependence in all tables:
The values given in the third column are
d ln kH / d (1/T)
and NOT
- d ln kH / d (1/T)
The solubility decreases with increasing temperature, of course. This is
shown correctly in equation (5) on page 3.
- Although not mentioned in the table, it should be noted that values
for HCHO refer to effective Henry's law coefficient that takes into
account increased solubility due to the formation of the diol:
HCHO + H2O = CH2(OH)2
- Data from Allen et al. (1998) are measured, not estimated.
- The reference Gmehling et al. (1981) should be: J. Gmehling and U. Onken
and W. Arlt. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection. D. Behrens and R.
Eckermann (eds.). Dechema, Frankfurt/Main Vol. 1a (1981)
- page 15: The value of 1.3E-1 M/atm for 2-methylpentane from
Ashworth et al. (1988) was quoted incorrectly by Staudinger and Roberts
(1996).
- page 36: The values listed for benzo[a]fluoranthene actually refere
to benzo[k]fluoranthene.
- page 38: The CASRN for 1-heptanol is [111-70-6], not [110-70-6].
- page 41: The value for 1,2-ethanediol from Bone et al. (1983)
should be 4.1E5 M/atm, not 4.0E6 M/atm.
- page 44: The CASRN for methanal (formaldehyde) is [50-00-0], not
[50-50-0].
- page 60: For 2,2-dimethylpyridine, the temperature dependence is
7000 K, not 700 K.
- page 61: For 2-butyl nitrate, both the trivial name "isobutyl
nitrate" and the CASRN are wrong. The correct CASRN for 2-butyl nitrate
is 924-52-7.
- page 61: The species called tert-butyl nitrate should actually be
isobutyl nitrate.
- page 75: The value of 2.2 by Hine and Mookerjee (1975) refers to
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, not to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
- page 90: The CASRN for 1-butanethiol is [109-79-5], not [109-75-5].
- page 90: The value of 5.8E-1 by Yaws and Yang (1982) refers to
diethyl sulfide, not to diethyl disulfide.
- page 92: The species called 3,4'-PCB is actually 3,4-PCB.
- page 93: The value of 1.4E2 by USEPA (1982) refers to
2,4,6-trichlorophenol, not to 2,4,6-PCB.
If you find errors in the list or if you know of additional references
that I could include, please send me an email
at rolf.sander@mpic.de.
Especially when you have published measurements of Henry's law's
constants, I would appreciate it very much if you send me a reprint! If
you have any other comments or questions, please read the 'frequently
asked questions' first (see above)!!!
Rolf Sander
This document was last changed
19 Aug 2011